Wireless broadband

Wireless Broadband is a fairly new technology that provides high-speed wireless internet and data network access over a wide area.

According to the 802.16-2004 standard, broadband means 'having instantaneous bandwidth greater than around 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1.5 Mbit/s. This means that Wireless Broadband features speeds roughly equivalent to wired broadbandaccess, such as that of ADSL or a cable modem.

Compare the UK's Best Wireless Broadband Deals

Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare
applications, home automation, and traffic control.

While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of computer network that is wireless,the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network (which is a type of communications network). Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves,such as radio waves,for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or "layer" of the network.

Useful Softwares...

1)Microsoft Silverlight

Microsoft Siverlight is a cross-browser,cross-platform,and cross-device plug-in for delivering the next generation of .NET based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web.
Publisher-Microsoft Corporation

2)Dotnet FX

This is a program from Microsoft that is related to the .NET technology, and dotnetfx.exe is a process belonging to Microsoft Windows which updates the .NET technology interface. This is a operating system core component update and should not be terminated unless suspected of causing problems.
Publisher-Microsoft Corporation
http://www.microsoft.com/beta/downloads/Default.aspx

3)Free Download Manager

Free Download Manager is a powerful,easy to use and absolutely free download accelerator and manager.Moreover,FDG 100% safe,open-sourse software distributed under GPL license.

4)PDF Creator

PDFCreator easily creates PDFs from any Windows program.Use it like a printer in Word,StarCalc or any other Windows application.

5)VLC Media Player

VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player for various audio and video formats (MPEG-1,MPEG-2,MPEG-4,DivX,mp3,ogg,..) as well as DVDs VCDs, and various sreaming protocols.It can also be used as a server to stream in unicast or multicast in IPv4 or IPv6 on a high bandwidth network.

Advanced Searching of Gmail

Gmail is run by Google, so it’s obvious that its built-in search engine is going to be extremely powerful indeed. Everyone is used to the ordinary search technique of putting keywords into the box and pressing Enter, but not everyone is aware of the additional operators you can use.





The operators detailed in above tables are all self-explanatory and can be combined.For example, consider the following search parameters:
in:inbox from:BenHammersley “fancy a pint?”This search would result in any message from my Gmail account, in your Inbox,
suggesting a visit to the pub. In order to bring any unread mail sent before New
Year’s Eve 2004, with an attachment, and the subject line New Year’s Eve Invitation, you would conduct the following search:is:unread before:2004/12/31has:attachment subject:”New Years Eve Invitation”
Very simple indeed.

About PC Secrets.

The Services utility is included in all versions of Windows XP and is hidden away. Do the following to disable a service using the Services utility:

1. Click the Start Menu and select Run. In the text box, type services.msc and click OK. This will start the Services utility.

2. Now that you are in the Services utility, you will see a list of a lot of services on your computer. First, you will need to stop the service that you want to disable. Right-click the service name and select Stop on the pop-up menu.

3. When the service is stopped, right-click the service again and select Properties. Located on the General tab, look for the Start up Type drop-down box. Click the arrow on the drop-down box and select Disabled.

4. Click the OK button and from now on, the system will not start the service any more during boot, speeding up your system start.

SATELLITE

What about satellite
In the last few years satellite began to be applied in Internet networking, mainly by medium-big ISPs and we have seen it diffused between users. Sat connections are a very different kind of networking than terrestrial ones, with different timing such as higher RTT (round trip time), but also with different bandwidth value, up to 2 Mbps or more.

How does it work
We can imagine a path like this:


So first we make the request (1) (using our Internet connection) to the Sat-Server, after it will retrieve out info from Internet (2) and it will send it to Satellite (3); in the end we would receive data from the it (4) to our home using a parabolic antenna and a Sat Card.

Typically exist 2 kinds of request :

* Http
* Ftp

Both of them have a little request data and a much bigger answer size, so satellite works very well with it, but with a big time of answer, this is the biggest problem of satellite connection (consider a typical Sat distance, like 36.000 km, so you would have a time access of [ 36000 km / 300.000 km/s = 0.120 s = ] 120 ms you have to add (2 times, cause first ISPs server send it to, then you download it from) to classical Internet time access.

Recently ISP allows their clients to use also other kind of service, like
* Chat
* Email
* News
and many others.

There exist also services called "one-way", which consist in mail service , download on-demand (where you make a file reservation to be scheduled at some time) and site download: these services are offline, so you can access to them without modem (or other kind of) connection.

SAMBA

what is SAMBA?

"Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that provides seamless file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients".

Samba and Terminal Server Integration

The fundamental Samba design is to manage each client connection to the server with a discrete user process called a smbd daemon. During the client session setup to the Samba server the father Samba process starts the smbd from an incoming client TCP/IP session connection. Thus, for every client that has mounted one or more shares, there exists a smbd process.



Each Windows client connection to the Samba Server starts as a TCP/IP session (after whatever name resolution is required) on the Samba server, and the TCP session is serviced by a new smbd for the incoming client request. The end effect is that a unique smbd daemon exists for each client connected to the server. Thus, if 1000 clients are connected, 1001 smbd daemons will be present on the system (one process is the smbd father process).

Wireless Network

Characteristics of Mobile Network

First Generation(1G):starts from 1980

AMPS,NMT,TACS
Analog
Voice services

Second Generation(2G):starts from 1992
GSM,D-AMPS
Digital
Voice/Data services(low speed)

Third Generation(3G):starts from 2001
UMTS,cdma2000
Digital
Voice/Wideband multimedia services

Frequency Bands of GSM

GSM900

Uplink:800~915 MHZ
Downlink:925~960 MHZ

GSM1800

Uplink:1710~1785 MHZ
Downlink:1805~1880 MHZ

GSM1900(Used in America & Canada)

Uplink:1850~1910 MHZ
Downlink:1930~1990 MHZ

Hacking the registry to optimize the Prefetcher

Located inside the System Registry are the settings for the Prefetcher component of Windows XP. Several different settings can be changed, such as the mode that the Prefetcher is running in, the number of items that are tracked by the Prefetcher, and where the Prefetcher cache is located. Several more can be manipulated. Almost all of these settings are not published in documentation available to the public. The only setting that Microsoft has said anything about is the EnablePrefetcher setting. Some users of Windows XP were having trouble with the Prefetcher, which caused problems with certain

unknown applications, so Microsoft released information on how to disable the Prefetcher. Also, around the same time, information became available on how to disable or enable certain parts of the Prefetcher.

The Prefetcher can be either disabled or set to optimize the boot only, to optimize applications only, or to optimize both applications and the boot. By default, the Prefetcher is set to optimize both. This default mode sounds like it is the best one for all users, but some people have discovered better performance by experimenting with the different modes.To change the modes of the Prefetcher, follow these steps:

1. Start the Registry Editor by clicking the Start Menu and then selecting Run. In the text
box, type regedit, then click the OK button.

2. This will load the Registry Editor. Once it has loaded, expand HKEY_LOCAL
_MACHINE.

3. Expand SYSTEM.

4. Expand ControlSet001.

5. Expand Control next.

6. Now you will see Session Manager. Expand that as well.

7. Because you will be changing the setting for memory, expand Memory Management.

8. Finally, open PrefetchParameters and you will see all of the Prefetcher settings.

9. Locate the EnablePrefetcher doubleword value and right-click it and select Modify, as
shown in Figure 11-2.

10. Once the Edit DWORD Value box is shown, update the number with the corresponding number.Which number you use depends on how you want the Prefetcher to act. Refer to fallowing table for all of the options and their meanings for this value.

11. Click the OK button after you have updated the value and restart your computer.

Experiment with these different settings on your computer to see which ones work best for you. I highly recommend that you do not disable your boot prefetch, as the prefetch information used by this mode is also used in other parts of the operating system to improve speed. For example, it is used by the boot defrag.
Feel free to experiment with other settings, such as AppLaunchMaxNumPages,
AppLaunchMaxNumSections, BootMaxNumPages, and BootMaxNumSections. I would leave all of the other settings alone because they are all in hexadecimal format, which can be difficult to work with. But make sure that before you do any tampering, you use system restore to create a restore point so that any problems that you may cause can be easily undone.

Working with the Windows Prefetcher

What is the Prefetcher? It is a very nifty component of Windows XP that can seemingly read your mind and will start loading your program seconds before you actually start it to boost the startup of the application.

Although the Prefetcher keeps track of the applications that you run, creates optimized copies of them, and stores them in a special cache on your computer, this special cache is simply a location on your hard disk that has no, or very few, file fragments and stores application setting files. The next time you start your program,Windows will load it out of the Prefetcher cache, which is what causes the application to start up quicker.

If you really want to investigate this matter further, take a look at the Prefetcher cache. It is located in the Windows directory inside the Prefetcher folder. You will notice that the cache does not have an exact copy of each application because the files are a fraction of the size of the actual application executable file. Rather, it just has fragments of applications that are used to boost the performance of the startup.
The Prefetcher constantly monitors what applications you are running, even during parts of the bootup. That information is then passed on to help the disk defragmenter optimize the boot files.

The Prefetcher is a very complex component. The majority of the settings can be changed by hacking the registry; however, due to a lack of documentation on these settings, changing them without any guidance would be very risky. Thankfully, a few tips have surfaced in the vast documentation buried at Microsoft’s site and revealed in Microsoft’s applications.

Caution

95% of Web Apps Have Vulnerabilities

Cross-site scripting(80%)
SQL injection(62%)
Parameter tampering(60%)
Cookie poisoning(37%)
Database server(33%)
Web server(23%)
Buffer overflow(19%)

Oh.. can u believe this..
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Do you know to disable the system boot screen?

So, are you enjoying the fun blue bars moving across your screen when your system starts up? Not? Are you finding that you can live without the daily reminder that you are running Windows XP? If so, then you might want to consider removing the boot screen. One added advantage to doing so: You will be getting a boost of performance in return.

Disabling the boot screen might only save you a fraction of a second off your boot time. But keep in mind, every fraction of a second counts.

This performance improvement works on a very simple principle. It takes time for the computer to do anything.Taking away some work that it has to do, such as loading the boot screen, will free time that it can spend loading your system files instead.

The process for disabling the system boot screen is similar to the process for modifying the default operating system in the boot file. If you do not have any other operating systems installed on your system, then you will have to create your own boot.ini file to place in your drive root (that is, the c:\ drive). I am going to show how to create a file first, and will then show how to modify the boot.ini file if you already have one in your drive root or have multiple operating systems installed.

Creating boot.ini file

This section will show you how to create a boot.ini file for your computer if you have just one operating system installed and you do not already have a boot.ini file in your drive root. To get started, let’s go over what the boot.ini file looks like.

The boot.ini file that disables the boot screen looks like the following:

[boot loader]
timeout=0
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS=
"Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect /noguiboot

The above boot.ini file is pretty standard except for the addition of the /noguiboot to the last line of the file. That is the parameter that tells Windows to start up without using the graphical user interface boot screen. To get started, open up a copy of Notepad, found in the Accessories menu of the All Programs entry, in the Start Menu and follow these
steps:

1. On the first line of the file, type in [boot loader].

2. On line 2 of the file, key in timeout=0 so Windows does not show the boot selection screen at all. You don’t want this anyways because you only have one operating system installed on your computer.

3. On line 3 of the file, type in defaultmulti(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
so that Windows knows where to look on your hard drive to start the operating system.

4. On line 4, type in [operating systems].

5. On line 5, type in multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS=”Microsoft
Windows XP Professional” /fastdetect /noguiboot to start up Windows with the
/noguiboot parameter to disable the boot screen.

6. Click the File menu bar item and select Save As.

7. Type Boot.ini in the File name box and change the Save as type to All Files.

8. Then, change the Save in directory to your drive root, which is usually Local Disk (C:).

9. Click the Save button and you are now finished.

You can now close Notepad. The next time you reboot your computer, you will not see the boot screen.

Hacking Techniques

All about autorun ini files

Extending the functionality of Autorun.inf

There are also some extensions to the autorun.inf file you can use that will put shortcutson the right-click menu of CD's icon. For example, add this to your autorun.inf (below the icon= line):

shell\read\command=notepad.exe readme.txt
shell\read=Read M&e First

The CD icon right-click menu will have a new item, “Read Me First” (with E as a hotkey)that launches Notepad with the readme.txt from the CD loaded. The ampersand (&)character in the second line denotes the hotkey letter, which is underlined in the menu. So Rea&d Me First would make ‘D’ the hotkey, and the menu item would appear as “Read Me First”. If you use hot keys (you don’t have to), do ensure that the letter you wish to use isn’t already assigned to a standard Windows context menu choice, such as Copy, Properties and Rename. The first listed menu entry for any hotkey gets executed. As for the open command, you can give a path to the file you wish to open (note as for the‘open=’ and ‘icon=’ lines, no leading backslash is used):

shell\read\command=notepad.exe mydocs\readme.txt

You can add more than one such context menu shortcut by tweaking the ‘read’ verb:

shell\read1\command=notepad.exe readme.txt
shell\read1=Read M&e First
shell\read2\command=notepad.exe EULA.txt
shell\read2=Read My E&ULA

This adds “Read Me First” and “Read My EULA” items to the CD’s right-click context menu. Items are added in the order they are in the autorun.inf. For more use ‘read3’, ‘read4’ etc. You may be aware that as from version 4.x, Adobe Reader can also be run from CD. This means that you can provide the user with a way of opening the Browser's "Quick Start guide" which is provided in PDF format - without assuming the user has Acrobat installed.

shell\read1\command=notepad.exe readme.txt
shell\read1=Read M&e First
shell\readit2\command=acrobat\reader\acrord32.exe
portbrws\qsg.pdf
shell\readit2=Read Quick Start Guide (PDF)

Note: the shell\readit2\command line is typed all as one line with a space between the 2 paths.

Hacking Techniques